Standardization of HCl with standard NaOH solution relates to the acid-base titration. Standardization of HCl with standard NaOH solution lab report is described here.
Theory of the standardization of HCl with standard NaOH solution
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) are secondary standard substances. Firstly, it is necessary to standardize the sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution to determine the strength of hydrochloric acid (HCl). Then, the titration method can be applied between Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) to determine the concentration of hydrochloric acid (HCl). In this titration, Sodium hydroxide is taken into a burette, and hydrochloric acid is taken into a conical flask. A phenolphthalein indicator is used during this titration. The reaction between the Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) is given below:
NaOH + HCl = NaCl + H2O
So, 1 mole of Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) neutralizes 1 mole of hydrochloric acid (HCl).
1 mole NaOH= 1 mole HCl
Apparatus
There are various apparatuses during the Standardization of HCl with standard NaOH solution that are given below:
- Conical flask
- Burette
- Pipette
- Beaker
- Funnel
- Volumetric flask
- Electric balance
Chemicals
- Sodium Hydroxide
- Hydrochloric acid
- Oxalic acid
Procedure for the standardization of HCl with standard NaOH solution
The procedure for the standardization of HCl with standard NaOH solution is divided into two parts which are discussed below:
Step-1: Standardize the supplied Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution with oxalic acid
Preparation of 0.1 (M) oxalic acid solutions
At first, the calculated amount of oxalic acid dehydrate is mixed with distilled water in a volumetric flask, and the volume of 100 ml of this solution.
Standardization of NaOH with Oxalic Acid
Secondly, take the supplied sodium hydroxide into a burette for titration. Then, take 10 ml of the prepared 0.1M oxalic acid solution in a conical flask and add 1 drop of phenolphthalein indicator. Now, titrate by dropwise addition of acid from the burette into the conical flask until the solution becomes light pink.
Step 2: Standardize the supplied HCl solution with a standardized NaOH solution.
At first, a clean and dry burette is filled with a standard sodium hydroxide solution. Then 10 ml HCl solution is taken into a conical flask. Then 2-3 drops of phenolphthalein indicator are added. The color of the solution is noted. Then sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution from the burette is added until the color of this solution turns light pink.
Table for the Standardization of NaOH with Oxalic Acid
A table for the Standardization of sodium hydroxide with Standard oxalic acid solution is given below: (N.B.: All of the following values can be changed during your experiment of the standardization of NaOH with Oxalic Acid)
| Observation Number | Volume of oxalic acid taken (mL) | Initial burette reading (ml) | Final burette reading (ml) | Amount of NaOH consumed (mL) | Average volume of NaOH consumed (mL) |
| 1 | 10 | 50 | 34.7 | 15.2 | |
| 2 | 10 | 34.7 | 19.3 | 15.4 | 15.433 |
| 3 | 10 | 19.3 | 3.6 | 15.7 |
Table for the standardization of HCl with standard NaOH solution
A table for the standardization of HCl with standard NaOH solution is given below: (N.B.: All of the following values can be changed during your experiment for the standardization of HCl with standard NaOH solution)
| Observation Number | Volume of supplied HCl solution | Initial burette reading (ml) | Final burette reading (ml) | Amount of NaOH consumed (mL) | The average volume of consumed NaOH solution |
| 1 | 10 | 40 | 30.9 | 9.1 |  |
| 2 | 10 | 30..9 | 21.6 | 9.3 | 9.266 |
| 3 | 10 | 21.6 | 12.2 | 9.4 |  |
Standardization of NaOH with Oxalic Acid Calculation
We get the following information from the balanced neutralization reaction between Sodium hydroxide and Oxalic Acid equation during titration:
2 mole NaOH =1 mole (COOH)2.2H2O
We apply the following formula,
(VNaOHxMNaOH)/(V0xalic acidxMOxalic Acid)= 2/1
Or, MNaOH= {(2 x V0xalic acid x MOxalic Acid)/VNaOH )
     ={ (2 x10 x 0.1) /15.433} = 0.129 M (Ans.)
Result: The concentration of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution is 0.130 M.
Standardization of HCl with standard NaOH solution calculation
From the balanced neutralization reaction, we get the following
1 mole NaOH= 1 mole HCl
So, we can apply the following formula,
(VNaOH MNaOH)/(VHCl MHCl )= 1/1
Or, MHCl= (VNaOH MNaOH)/ VHCl
Or, MHCl = (9.266 x 0.129)/ 10
Or, MHCl = 0.119 M
Result: The strength of supplied hydrochloric acid (HCl) is 0.119 M.
Standardization of HCl with standard NaOH solution lab report-related questions
What is a standard solution in chemistry?
A standard solution in chemistry concerns a chemical solution whose concentration is definitely known.
How to prepare a standard solution?
Preparation of a standard solution associated with the dissolving of a definite mass of the substance and diluting the solution to make a definite volume.
What are the examples of standard solutions?
Examples of standard solution: 0.2 M oxalic acid solution, 0.1 M oxalic acid solution 0.2 M Sodium Carbonate solution, 0.1 M Sodium Carbonate solution, etc.
What are the types of Standard solutions?
Types of standard solutions are Primary standard solutions and Secondary standard solutions.
What is the primary standard solution?
A primary standard solution is the purest type of compound that acts as the reference material during quantitative analysis.
What are the examples of primary standard solutions?
Examples of primary standard solutions are 0.2 M Oxalic acid solution, 0.2 M Sodium Carbonate solution.
What is a secondary standard solution?
A secondary standard solution is a solution whose concentration can be identified by titration with a prepared primary standard solution.
What are the examples of secondary standard solutions?
Examples of secondary standard solutions are Sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid, nitric acid, etc.
What is Molar Solution in Chemistry?
Molar solution relates the gram molecular weight of a substance per liter (L) of solution.
What is a molar solution formula?
The molar solution formula is given by,
S= 1000 W/MV where, S= Molarity, W= weight of the substance, M=molecular weight of the substance, V=volume of the final solution.
What is a molar solution example?
The molar solution examples are 0.1M Oxalic acid solution, 0.1 M Sodium Carbonate solution,etc.
What is acidimetry?
Acidimetry relates to the identification of the strength of an acid by reacting it against a standard alkali solution after adding a suitable indicator.
What type of reaction is an acid-alkali titration?
An acid-alkali titration is associated with the neutralization reaction.
What is an indicator in chemistry?
The indicator is a weak base or a weak acid that changes in color for the changes of concentration of H+ in a solution or the pH of a solution changes.
What are the examples of indicators in chemistry?
Examples of indicators are Methyl orange, Phenolphthalein, Methyl red, Methyl blue, Litmus, etc.
What are the types of indicators?
There are two types of Indicators: natural type indicator and artificial type indicator.
What are the differences between primary standard substances and secondary standard substances?
Difference between primary standard substances and secondary standard substances on the basis of definition
A primary standard substance is a very pure compound that acts as the reference material during quantitative analysis.
A secondary standard substance is a compound whose concentration can be identified by reacting it with a primary standard substance.
Difference between primary standard substances and secondary standard substances on the basis of purity
A primary standard substance is a very pure compound than a secondary standard substance.
Secondary standard substance is less pure compound than primary standard substance.
Difference between primary standard substances and secondary standard substances on the basis of reactivity
Primary standard substance shows less reactivity than secondary standard substance.
Secondary standard substance shows higher reactivity than primary standard substance.
Difference between primary standard substances and secondary standard substances on the basis of availability
Primary standard substance is more available in the market than secondary standard substances.
The secondary standard substance is not available in the market as the primary standard substance.
Difference between primary standard substances and secondary standard substances on the basis of stability
The primary standard substance is a very stable component.
A secondary standard substance is a less stable component.
What is standardization in Chemistry?
Standardization in Chemistry is concerned with the determination of the specific concentration (molarity) of a given solution.
What is titration?
Titration is a method that deals with the identifying of the concentration of an unknown solution by reacting it with a solution whose concentration is accurately known.
What is titrant?
Titrant or titrator is a solution whose concentration is accurately known.
What is titrand?
Analyte or Titrand is the substance whose concentration can be identified by reacting it with titrant.
What is the neutralization reaction?
Neutralization reaction relates to the reaction between an acid and a base to form salt and water that depends upon the acid strength of the reactants and their concentrations.
What is molecular weight?
Molecular weight or MW which is commonly used in chemistry associates the measurement of the sum of the atomic weight values of the atoms in a molecule.
What is the formula of sodium hydroxide?
The sodium hydroxide formula is NaOH which is a common base.
What is the molecular weight of sodium hydroxide?
The molecular weight of sodium hydroxide is 40 which is a common secondary standard substance.
What are the properties of Sodium hydroxide?
Sodium hydroxide is regarded as a common inorganic solid ionic compound. This compound contains sodium cations Na+ and hydroxide anions OH−. Sodium hydroxide is very soluble in water and has the ability to quickly absorb moisture and carbon dioxide from the air.
What is sodium hydroxide used for?
Sodium hydroxide is used in the production of soaps and detergents, pulp and paper from wood, I textile industries, safe drinking water, and as a drain opener.
Is NaOH a base or acid?
Sodium Hydroxide is a common base that contains hydroxide-ion and releases it in water.
What is the formula of oxalic acid?
The oxalic acid formula is C2H2O4 and has a condensed formula HOOC-COOH.
What is the molecular weight of oxalic acid?
Oxalic acid molecular weight is 90g/mol and the oxalic acid formula is C2H2O4
Is oxalic acid molar mass 126 or 90?
Oxalic acid compound is mostly found in crystalline hydrate whose formula is H2C2O4.2H2O. So, the molecular mass of the oxalic acid is 126 g/mol.
What is the symbol of oxalic acid?
The oxalic acid symbol is H2C2O4 has a condensed formula is HOOC-COOH.
What is the IUPAC name of oxalic acid?
Oxalic acid IUPAC name is Ethanedioic acid which is regarded as a colorless and crystalline organic compound.
What is the equivalent weight of oxalic acid?
The equivalent weight of oxalic acid is 63 because of the having two hydrogen atoms.
What is Basicity?
The basicity of an acid molecule is concerned with the ability to produce hydrogen ions in an aqueous solution.
What is the basicity of oxalic acid crystals?
Oxalic acid contains a basicity is 2 for having the two protons that can be replaced.
What happens when NaOH reacts with oxalic acid?
Oxalic acid+ NaOH reaction produces sodium carboxylate and water molecules.
What is the balanced equation for oxalic acid with sodium hydroxide?
2NaOH + (COOH)2.2H2O =2COONa + 4H2O
What is the balanced equation for the titration of hydrochloric acid with sodium hydroxide?
NaOH + HCl = NaCl + H2O
