Author: chemistrypubsiu
Determination of Na2CO3 in washing soda concerns the technique of titrimetric analysis. Theory Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) content in washing soda (Na2CO3.10H2O) solution can be determined by titrimetric method. The alkali carbonate (CO32-) of the solution can be titrated with a standard acid solution. A standard HCl solution will be used for this purpose. Na2CO3 + 2HCl = 2NaCl + CO2 + H2O Apparatus There are various apparatuses during the determination of Na2CO3 in washing soda. These apparatus are conical flask, pipette, burette, beaker, funnel, volumetric flask, and electric balance. Reagents and chemical There are various reagents and chemicals during the…
Titration of Oxalic Acid with KMnO4 associates with the redox reaction. The concentration KMnO4 can be determined by oxalic acid solution. Theory of the titration of Oxalic Acid with KMnO4 Potassium permanganate (KMnO4) is a strong oxidizing agent and it acts as a powerful oxidizing agent in an acidic medium during the titration of Oxalic Acid with KMnO4 that can be represented by the following equation: 2KMnO4 + 3H2SO4 + 5(COOH)2 → K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 8H2O + 10CO2 ↑ The above equation can be written as the following ionic equation: MnO4– + 8H+ + 5e– → Mn2+ + 4H2O…
Standardization of HCl with standard NaOH solution relates to the acid-base titration. Standardization of HCl with standard NaOH solution lab report is described here. Theory of the standardization of HCl with standard NaOH solution Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) are secondary standard substances. Firstly, it is necessary to standardize the sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution to determine the strength of hydrochloric acid (HCl). Then, the titration method can be applied between Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) to determine the concentration of hydrochloric acid (HCl). In this titration, Sodium hydroxide is taken into a burette, and hydrochloric acid…
Determination of hardness of water can be completed by titration with an EDTA solution and Eriochrome Black-T indicator in a basic environmental condition. Water Hardness Definition Water hardness definition relates to the presence of soluble bicarbonates, chlorides, and sulfates of calcium and magnesium in the water. The concentration of the calcium and magnesium ions in the hard water sample is expressed in mg/L. Water Hardness Scale Water hardness scale ranges from 0 to 65 mg/L (milligrams per liter) as calcium carbonate is classified as soft; 65 to 125 mg/L as moderately hard; 126 to 185 mg/L as hard; and more…
Preparation of standard sodium carbonate solution is a crucial solution for the standardization of secondary standard solution. This solution can be prepared by weighing a definite amount of sodium carbonate chemical and mix with distilled water into a volumetric flask up to the mark for getting a definite volume of standard sodium carbonate solution. Theory of the preparation of standard sodium carbonate solution A standard solution is one type of essential solution whose concentration is accurately Known and prepared from a primary standard substance. Anhydrous sodium carbonate is a primary standard substance that is available in a pure state and…
Preparation of standard solution of oxalic acid is essential during standardization to determine the unknown concentration of the secondary standard solution. A standard solution of oxalic acid can be prepared by mixing a specific amount of oxalic acid with distilled water in a volumetric flask. Theory of the preparation of standard solution of oxalic acid A standard solution is a crucial solution whose concentration is definitely known and prepared from a primary standard substance like oxalic acid. It is a common primary standard substance that is available in a pure state and is water-soluble in nature. Oxalic acid is less…
A standard solution contains a defined and correct quantity of the substance to achieve a specific volume of known concentration solution. It is generally prepared by dissolving a specific amount of solute in water and then diluting it with more water to make a precise volume. The concentration of this solution is expressed in terms of moles per liter (mol/L) or molarity (M). Standard solution definition A standard solution is one type of chemical solution that contains a specific concentration of a substance or element. This type of solution is generally prepared by dissolving the accurate weight of a substance…
Standardization of NaOH with Oxalic Acid relates to the neutralization reaction. It is also called acidimetry because the process of standardization of Sodium hydroxide with Oxalic Acid reveals the strength of the Alkali solution. Aim of the standardization of Sodium hydroxide with Oxalic Acid This process completely relates the evolution of a given solution of sodium hydroxide by titrating it against a standard oxalic acid solution. Theory of Standardization of NaOH with Oxalic Acid Sodium hydroxide is a secondary standard and oxalic acid is a primary standard. So the supplied NaOH can be standardized by the standard oxalic acid solution.…
A quantum dot is one kind of effective nanoparticle containing ranges between 1.5 and 10.0 nm. Quantum dots make a great revolution. Quantum dot has numerous applications for having attractive optical, magnetic, electrical, and electronic properties. Quantum dot nanoparticle contains outstanding photostability, brightness, size-dependent optical properties, high extinction coefficient, and large Stokes shift. Quantum dots are used in biomedical sectors, pharmaceutical sectors, food packaging sectors, electrical industries, electronic industries, etc. Alexei I. Ekimov, Louis E. Brus, and Moungi G. Bawendi were awarded the Alexei I. Ekimov, Louis E. Brus, and Moungi G. Bawendi were awarded the Nobel Prize for chemistry…
Quantum Dots applications fill the advance fields of biomedical, electronics, pharmaceuticals, Textile, , etc. for having excellent properties. Quantum Dots applications created a great revolution in the field of Nanotechnology. It involves nanoscale manipulation of atoms and molecules. It is also known as semiconductor nanocrystals. Quantum Dots applications especially focus on a wide variety of fields of medical diagnostics, drug delivery, gene therapy, etc. What are quantum dots? Quantum dots or QDs are called nanocrystals of a semiconductor material containing a size less than 10 nm. At present, quantum dots are becoming attractive nanocrystalline materials for different applications. QDs have special…