Author: chemistrypubsiu

A mechanical seal is a crucial device to prevent any type of leakage between the rotating shafts and fluid field vessels in the pump. The fluids of the pump remain good for the existence of this device. This essential tool gained popularity in the 1950s and was used in industrial sectors a lot. They are used where the pump shaft enters or leaves the pump housing depending on their application fields. There are various types, sizes, and configurations of this device. It is mainly installed in rotating parts and stationary parts. The rotating part is generally attached to the shaft…

A compressor is a mechanical piece of equipment used to raise pressure in various types of compressible fluids, or gases by mechanically decreasing its volume. Natural gas, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, ammonia, and other industrially important gases are also compressed. This equipment is widely used in different fields to power air tools, paint sprayers, abrasive blast equipment; phase shift refrigerants, etc.  It is also used for air conditioning, refrigerators; and to propel gas through pipelines; etc. Compressors are mainly divided into two categories namely centrifugal (or dynamic or kinetic) and positive-displacement types. Compressor Definition It is mechanical equipment that is…

An agitator is a device used to mix various types of materials uniformly and homogeneously by transferring a motion. A shaft and impeller are the main parts of this equipment which are driven by the motors using electricity. This device has great importance in mixing solids and gases, promoting chemical reactions, promoting heat transfer, etc. This device is used at present in chemical processing industries, cement industries, sugar industries, paint industries, adhesive industries, toiletries industries, agricultural, biotechnology, pharmaceutical industries, cosmetics, metal extractions, ink, etc. It is used to carry out a proper chemical reaction, homogeneous mixing operations, filtration purposes, drying,…

Atomic orbital consists of three-dimensional space around the nucleus of an atom where an electron is likely to exist. It relates to the mathematical functions to express the wave nature of electrons in an atom. A mathematical calculation can be done to find out the probability of an electron in a specified region around the nucleus of the atom. An atom may contain a significant number of orbitals based on their size, shape, or orientation. Narrower orbitals generally hold high-density electrons close to the nucleus. The electrons in orbitals can be indicated by the square of the orbitals wave function…

Isotopes are atoms of the same element having the same atomic numbers (Z) but different numbers of neutrons giving them different atomic masses. The position of isotopes in the periodic table is the same but with different atomic masses. As a result, the different numbers of neutrons are available in the nucleus of that atom. Isotopic atoms have almost similar chemical properties but different physical properties for the presence of different atomic masses. Atoms contain a cloud of electrons surrounding a nucleus and are comprised of protons and neutrons. The number of protons in an atom is a unique characteristic.…

Nuclear reactions are chemical processes used to transform the atomic nuclei into another element by fission or fusion of atomic particles. The atomic nuclei can modified to convert an atom from one element into another through this process. The different types of isotopes of an element or new elements that don’t exist in nature can be generated after nuclear reactions. A lot of stable synthetic elements were created in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries by following this reaction. It is possible to make large atoms in the universe and solar energy in the Sun’s hot through nuclear reactions.…

pOH is a technique for the measurement of the hydroxide ion concentration of a solution to identify the alkalinity of a solution. It shows a value less than 7 for the alkaline solution and more than for the acidic solution. At 25 degrees Celcius, the neutral solution shows this value is correct 7. The strength of acidity or basicity can be measured easily by calculating this value. This article describes the definition, examples, formula, scale, calculations, and uses of this issue. Definition It represents the negative logarithm of the hydroxide ion (OH–) concentration in an aqueous solution. This value ranges…

pH is a one kind of measurement technique to identify the acidic or basic characteristics of selected solution. The hydrogen ion concentration can be measured easily by this technique. The values of pH scale ranges from 0 to 14. An aqueous solution which contains pH less than 7 is acidic, while a basic solution contains more than 7 at 25°C. The acidity or basicity characteristic of a solution is identified by calculating the value of this factor. pH Definition in Chemistry It represents the negative logarithm to the base 10 of H+ ion concentration in an aqueous solution. Actually, it…

Bases are chemical compounds having hydroxyl ions (OH–) ions and can accept protons in aqueous solutions. Bases have the ability to make red litmus blue and take part in a neutralization reaction with acid molecules to give salt and water. The base compound has a pH value of more than 7. The base has a bitter taste as well as slippery in touch. When a base compound dissolves in water then it is called alkali. Examples: Soap, detergent, toothpaste, metal oxides, metal hydroxides, etc. Definition of Bases Bases are chemical compounds that produce OH- ions instead of H+ in the…

Acids are chemical molecules that are capable of donating a proton or receiving an electron pair in a chemical reaction. The Latin word “acid” which means sour was the first name of acid. Most of the acid molecule consists of a hydrogen atom bonded that can dissociate in water and form a cation and an anion. The strength of an acidic molecule completely depends on its concentration of hydrogen ions. An acid that shows higher strength, produces more hydrogen ions. As a result, the value of pH becomes low in that solution. The acidic substances are generally identified by their…