Author: chemistrypubsiu
An electron microscope (EM’s) is a versatile technique to see the 3D image of sample by using a beam of electron. This technique is very useful to reveal the structure of smaller objects. We know that the wavelength of electron using this microscope is 100,000 times shorter than that of visible light photon. This microscope provides a good resolving power than light microscopes for having the shorter wavelengths of electron used in this technique. The ultra structure of specimen samples like cells, large molecules, biopsy samples, microorganisms, metals, and crystals can be investigated easily by applying this technique. This microscopic…
Compound Microscope is an advanced technique used to visualize a 2D magnified image of a specimen on a glass slide. The produced image from this microscope contains high definition. This microscope has the ability to magnify higher levels of magnification if we compare it with stereo or other low-power microscopes. This device consists of two optical parts namely the objective lens and the ocular lens. It can use two or more lenses in the objective and the eyepiece parts. The two or more double convex lenses in this microscope are fixed in a hollow cylinder. The objective lens has a…
Raman Spectroscopy is a crucial instrumental technique to get the information about vibration mode of substances. The chemical structure, crystalline properties, and molecular interactions of matter can be identified by this advanced technique. This analytical process is completely non-destructive and very efficient. The property of a substance is measured after the interaction of light with the chemical bonds within a sample. The light of the same wavelengths is scattered from the laser source and does not provide useful information about something. These wavelengths of light are generally known as Rayleigh Scatter. Rayleigh Scatter hits the sample molecule and a small…
A fire extinguisher is an essential stationary or portable device filled with chemicals and used to control or extinguish small fires. This device is kept near position in industries, buildings, factories, transportation areas, and public places. The numbers and types of the extinguisher depend on the characteristics of the particular area. This device contains a liquid, gas, or chemical agent and a propellant for controlling or extinguishing a small fire. This can be done by discharging and directing the liquid, gas, or chemical agent at the seat of a small fire. This device is designed in such a way that…
A double beam spectrophotometer is crucial lab equipment used for the measurement of light transmittance of analytes in a sample. It measures color in a sample by using double beams. One beam is used to pass through the sample mixture and another beam passes through the reference sample. The light absorbency of these samples can be identified easily without calibration of this instrument. A graduated cylinder is used to contain liquid or gas samples and measure the light absorption property to identify the compound. At present, the reflection and transmission processes can be obtained by using a broad spectrum of…
A Biosafety Cabinet or BSC is advanced enclosed equipment used to handle hazardous pathogenic materials. This piece of equipment is very essential tool for performing various types of research in laboratories ranging from basic to high containment. A well-ventilated hook is attached to this equipment for proper testing during microbiological or various chemical processes in laboratories. The main aim includes protecting the laboratory personnel and the environmental factors from pathogenic microorganisms. This cabinet is used very much for certain risk group microorganisms and creates aerosol. HEPA filters are attached to this equipment that decontaminates the air moving out of the…
A vortex mixer is crucial, versatile and simple lab equipment that is used to homogenize the liquid sample smoothly. This mixer equipment is generally constructed by an electric motor and a vertically oriented drive shaft which is attached to a cupped rubber piece. This rubber piece oscillates fast in a circular motion after starting the motor. It has a good footprint with a high rpm. It is very much used in quality control testing laboratory as well as biochemical, bioscience, and analytical laboratories. This piece of equipment is very essential to mix the reagents, suspended cells and various testing samples…
Litmus paper is one type of natural indicator which is made by litmus dye with cellulose used to determine acid and base. It helps to indicate the presence of acidic or basic solution for various experiment. This paper is used as an acid-base indicator. It is generally prepared by wood cellulose paper and litmus dye. Litmus chemical dye is purple type color which is extracted lichen plants. This paper strip is generally placed in a liquid for determining the pH. The used of this strip of paper, which is red color at any pH level less than 4.5 and blue…
A pH paper changes it color in various solution and determines basic, acidic or neutral character of the solution. This works done by immersed pH paper into a solution and find out the color change. It changes color in various solutions for the presence of chemical flavin. There have many indicators to shows a series of colors from pH 1 to 14. The changes color is then compared with a color chart for determining the pH value. The value of lower pH indicates acid, whereas higher pH indicates base chemical. The value of pH near 7 indicates a neutral chemical…
A water distiller is used to produce contaminant-free water by transforming water into vapor before condensing into a liquid state. It can remove impurities, including germs, heavy metals, and arsenic from water during evaporation because they cannot transform into steam. The distiller in this apparatus cools the evaporated water and transforms it into pure, mineral-free drinkable water. Distilled water has various applications including fermentation, the medical industry, clinics, and organic chemistry labs. It helps to filter away non-volatile organic molecules, most minerals, and a variety of chemicals in addition to charged ions. It is estimated that 95% of the minerals,…