Author: chemistrypubsiu

UV Spectroscopy or Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an advanced technique based on the absorption of ultraviolet light or visible light by chemical compounds. This technique is widely used to know the absorbance spectra of a compound in solution or as a solid in various fields of science ranging from bacterial culturing, drug identification, and nucleic acid purity checks and quantization, to quality control in the beverage, refinery industry, and chemical research. The interaction of light with matter at electronic levels can be identified by this UV Spectroscopy or spectrophotometer technique. It identifies the ranges from the vacuum level ultraviolet region (180nm)…

GC-MS Chromatography or Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry is one type advance analytical technique that is used to separate, identify and quantify volatile components in a sample to ensure the quality of products in the chemical industry; or to measure toxic substances in soil, air, or water. This technique relates to mixing a small amount of the sample with the mobile phase and passing it through a column filled with the stationary phase. This versatile technique is the combination of two powerful techniques; gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The low molecular weight compounds can be analyzed easily by this Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry…

TGA or Thermogravimetric analysis is an advanced analytical technique to characterize materials’ thermal stability and the fraction of volatile components by monitoring the weight change that occurs as a sample is heated at a definite temperature. TGA analysis is very much used in pharmaceutical, food, environmental, and petrochemical applications to determine the composition, purity, decomposition reactions, decomposition temperature, and absorbed moisture content of various samples. A wide range of material characteristics can be received by a sample to be characterized and kept to a precise temperature under strict atmospheric controls in this instrument. Generally, a sample is heated from ambient…

TLC or Thin Layer Chromatography is a simple and popular chromatographic technique used to extract and analyze various non-volatile individual components from mixtures. This technique is generally conducted on a plastic sheet or glass plate after finely splitting it with various adsorbent materials like cellulose, silica gel, or Aluminum oxide. These adsorbents have the characteristics to attract and retain various components from the mixtures. A small amount of sample mixture is spotted onto the one end surface of the TLC plate (stationary phase) and placed vertically into a closed chamber with a suitable organic solvent which acts as the mobile…

A magnetic stirrer or stir plate is a kind of laboratory device that associated a rotating magnetic field generated by a stationary electromagnet to cause a stirrer bar immersed within a liquid to spin and thus quickly stir the solution. This stirrer was invented in 1917 by Richard Stringham. An attached heating system for warming the liquid is typically an important part of a magnetic stirring system. It can be stirred easily which has lower viscosity. It should be used Glass or other non-metallic beakers to avoid interference with the magnetic field. It is a very useful device for stirring…

An incinerator is one type of furnace that is used for burning dangerous items in a combustion chamber at temperatures high enough to eliminate pollutants is known as incineration. It is generally used where there is a large-scale accumulation of waste and when treating bulky heterogeneous waste needs treatment. It has the ability to treat various hazardous pollutants, including soil, sludge, liquids, and gases. The final byproducts of the incineration process are ash, heat, and combustion gases. This process helps to remove various dangerous substances, including solvents, PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls), and pesticides from the samples. It can dispose of solid,…

A hot plate is one type of laboratory instrumental device that is used to heat various samples, solutions, and materials uniformly without the danger associated with the open flame at definite temperatures. It has a good flat surface with heating sources which is very suitable for use in an oil or sand bath because it doesn’t emit open flames. It works with a magnetic stirrer for maintaining a definite liquid temperature and provide homogeneity. There exist different sizes of hotplates in the market. It can be single and double burner types. Moreover, two different kinds of burners can be used,…

Centrifugation is one kind of separation technique by applying centrifugal force. The particles can be separated from a solution according to their size, density, shape, viscosity of the medium, and rotor speed. The centrifuge device works by using the sedimentation principle, where the centripetal acceleration causes denser substances and particles to move outward in the radial direction. The radial acceleration causes denser particles to settle to the bottom of the tube, while low-density substances rise to the top when the centrifugation technique applies. The sedimentation of two particles can be found in the presence of centrifugal force rather than gravitational…

Bunsen burner also called a gas burner is used to create a safe, smokeless, hot, and non-luminous flame for various scientific experiments and research. It was invented by Robert Bunsen and his lab assistant Peter Desaga in 1857. It has the ability to produce a single open gas flame that functions in combustion, sterilization, or heating. It generates luminous and non-luminous flames. The bright flame will change into a non-luminous flame after opening the air hole. Principle of Bunsen burner in a chemistry lab It consists of a metal body and a solid base on the bench. A rubber tube…

An analytical balance or laboratory balance is one kind of important sensitive apparatus designed to calculate an object’s mass properly. The samples could be solid, granular substances, or powders and liquids. It can be possible to measure up to 0.00001 grams (0.01 mg) by using this apparatus. It has the ability to detect the weight of an object of 100g to within ± 0.01 mg. Definition of Analytical Balance An analytical balance or lab balance is a modern class of balance designed to calculate the small mass in the sub-milligram range precisely. The readability range of an analytical balance is…